Behaviour Description Quotes

"Adult grunts (Haemulon sciurus, Pomadasyidae) of some species, on the other hand. stridulate readily when similarly treated."

Full Description

"In summary, Anchoviella swimming sound lies mainly below 2 kc."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Recordings were obtained when the sea surface was calm and the only extraneous noise stemmed from the system and from snapping shrimp."

Full Description

"Several small groups (from 12 to 20) of young C. latus were confined in aquaria 11/2 feet x 11/ feet x 1 foot deep with the hydrophone. Undisturbed, these fish milled about the aquarium equidistant from each other, each on its own pathway. When a hand was flicked at the aquarium or a stick poked into the water, the small group of jacks became at once a tightly coherent school, streaming about the aquarium and veering on repetitive stimuli as had the Anchoviella at sea. Streaming did not introduce sound detectable above background; veering did. This movement even of individual fish resulted in distinct thumps similar to those described by Fish (1954) from shocked C. crysos (7.75 mm.?). When stemming from a group of C. latus, the thumps occurred in volleys (Fig. 6, Table I)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Several small groups (from 12 to 20) of young C. latus were confined in aquaria 11/2 feet x 11/ feet x 1 foot deep with the hydrophone."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

"When stemming from a group of C. latus, the thumps occurred in volleys (Fig. 6, Table I)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Several small groups (from 12 to 20) of young C. latus were confined in aquaria 11/2 feet x 11/ feet x 1 foot deep with the hydrophone. Undisturbed, these fish milled about the aquarium equidistant from each other, each on its own pathway. When a hand was flicked at the aquarium or a stick poked into the water, the small group of jacks became at once a tightly coherent school, streaming about the aquarium and veering on repetitive stimuli as had the Anchoviella at sea. Streaming did not introduce sound detectable above background; veering did. This movement even of individual fish resulted in distinct thumps similar to those described by Fish (1954) from shocked C. crysos (7.75 mm.?). When stemming from a group of C. latus, the thumps occurred in volleys (Fig. 6, Table I)."

Full Description

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

"This movement even of individual fish resulted in distinct thumps similar to those described by Fish (1954) from shocked C. crysos (7.75 mm.?)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

Sound Name Quotes

"This movement even of individual fish resulted in distinct thumps similar to those described by Fish (1954) from shocked C. crysos (7.75 mm.?)."

Full Description

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

"During the Coney Island recordings, the hydrophone was hung in the midst of schools of C. ruber before and during raising of the net. Veering of the fish about the hydrophone caused volleys of thump-like sounds similar to those of C. latus, but somewhat deeper in predominant tone (Fig. 8, Table I). Swimming sound engendered by streaming movements was also detected in these recordings and that obtained at Castle Roads."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two large impounded schools of adult Caranx ruber were recorded on the west side of Coney Island on June 26 and August 6, 1958, through the kindness of a commercial fisherman (Mr. Spurling, Senior), and a third school was recorded during underwater listening in Castle Roads on July 11."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation is produced more readily by young jacks hand-held gently under water (C. latus, C. hippos) than by adult jacks so treated (Moulton, 1958, p. 364); it was recorded at Bermuda from adult C. ruber held next to the hydroprone in an impounded school, and by C. crysos speared off Nonsuch Island on August 17."

Sound Name Quotes

"During the Coney Island recordings, the hydrophone was hung in the midst of schools of C. ruber before and during raising of the net. Veering of the fish about the hydrophone caused volleys of thump-like sounds similar to those of C. latus, but somewhat deeper in predominant tone (Fig. 8, Table I). Swimming sound engendered by streaming movements was also detected in these recordings and that obtained at Castle Roads."

Full Description

"The swimming sound of two pompano approximately 1 foot long was recorded in the cement tank. The animals were not fed during recording. Only thumps coincident with veering occasioned by sudden hand movements in the water were recorded."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The swimming sound of two pompano approximately 1 foot long was recorded in the cement tank. The animals were not fed during recording. Only thumps coincident with veering occasioned by sudden hand movements in the water were recorded."

Sound Name Quotes

"The swimming sound of two pompano approximately 1 foot long was recorded in the cement tank. The animals were not fed during recording. Only thumps coincident with veering occasioned by sudden hand movements in the water were recorded."