Full Description

"The vibrant deep grunts of the queen, Angelichthyes ciliaris (Linnaeus), and black, Pomacanthus arcuatus (L.), angel- fishes (Table II) are not easily distinguished from those of. the serranids with which they may occur. Vibration frequency analysis shows (Fig. 8) a tendency for highest frequencies of the angelfish grunts to be located in the middle of the call, whereas serranid grunts tend to be initiated with high frequency spikes."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Of this latter group, only three species were identified as sources of sounds recorded during listening at sea-squirrelfish, Nassau grouper and black angelfish, Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus), all of which use the air bladder in sound production."

"Under laboratory conditions, both queen and black angelfishes produce the grunt during feeding on bits of conch, and when startled to quickened swimming by an observer."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Handling of black angelfish under water brings forth brief grunts of low intensity, coinciding with body muscle contractions."

Sound Name Quotes

"The vibrant deep grunts of the queen, Angelichthyes ciliaris (Linnaeus), and black, Pomacanthus arcuatus (L.), angel- fishes (Table II) are not easily distinguished from those of. the serranids with which they may occur. Vibration frequency analysis shows (Fig. 8) a tendency for highest frequencies of the angelfish grunts to be located in the middle of the call, whereas serranid grunts tend to be initiated with high frequency spikes. "

"The maximum duration of angelfish grunts obtained during this investigation occurred west of Turtle Rocks on 10 July (Fig. 8), when an adult black angelfish examining the hydrophone and butting gently at its rubber case suddenly gave vent to prolonged, rather moan-like sounds, each of .2-sec. duration, and swam toward an approaching fish of the same species."

Full Description

"FIGURE l. The pectoral fin-drum of Balistes vetula in air."

"While tooth stridulation and pectoral fin drumming were not heard from isolated triggerfishes handled underwater, recordings made during the feeding about the hydrophone of a captive population of queen and black triggerfishes showed predominant intensities of accompanying sounds between .6 and 2.9 kc. (Table II), which essentially spans the frequency ranges of predominant intensities obtained during tooth stridulation by these species in air."

Observation Environment Quotes

"While tooth stridulation and pectoral fin drumming were not heard from isolated triggerfishes handled underwater, recordings made during the feeding about the hydrophone of a captive population of queen and black triggerfishes showed predominant intensities of accompanying sounds between .6 and 2.9 kc. (Table II), which essentially spans the frequency ranges of predominant intensities obtained during tooth stridulation by these species in air."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"FIGURE l. The pectoral fin-drum of Balistes vetula in air."

Sound Name Quotes

"FIGURE l. The pectoral fin-drum of Balistes vetula in air."

Full Description

"Figure 12. Single thump-like sounds of Holocentrus ascensionis in cement tank."

"Sound production by the squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis, said to have derived its name from its chattering call (D. de Sylva, personal communication), is characteristic of the western edge of the Great Bahama Bank (Table II; Fig. 12, 14)."

"The thump-like sounds of squirrelfish may be repeated singly at irregular inter- vals or produced in rapid volleys; they are more sharply peaked on vibration fre- quency analysis than are the sounds of angelfish and grouper."

"When produced by startled or handled squirrelfish, the sounds are volleyed in bursts of 4 to 20. Singly-produced sounds are of longer duration than those produced in volleys; these singly-produced sounds are not dissimilar to the ear from the sounds of Nassau grouper, although they cover a greater frequency span than do those of the grouper when both are recorded at the hydrophone. Undisturbed squirrelfish confined in laboratory aquaria and outdoor tanks re- mained silent during listening periods of up to three hours; confined specimens produced sounds only when handled, fed or startled. Quickened swimming during feeding was characterized by sound production of a considerably lower intensity than that produced during handling of the fish. Sudden startling of confined squirrelfish generally resulted in volleys of sound production. At sea, squirrelfish were sometimes heard when no individuals were sighted, but the acoustical behavior of the species was characteristic when specimens were approached by the suspended hydrophone at drift stations. This behavior included erection of the spiny fins, adjustment of position so that an eye was directed toward the approaching hydrophone, movement toward a rocky depression near which the fish hovered, and production of the call in volleys of 3 to 20 individual pulses."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Figure 12. Single thump-like sounds of Holocentrus adscensionis in cement tank."

"The fishes most frequently heard along the western edge of the Great Baham Bank in the Bimini area, the Nassau grouper, Epinephalus striatus (Bloch), and the squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck), are inhabitants of relatively shallow water."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"When produced by startled or handled squirrelfish, the sounds are volleyed in bursts of 4 to 20."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 12. Single thump-like sounds of Holocentrus ascensionis in cement tank."

"Sound production by the squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis, said to have derived its name from its chattering call (D. de Sylva, personal communication), is characteristic of the western edge of the Great Bahama Bank (Table II; Fig. 12, 14). "

"When produced by startled or handled squirrelfish, the sounds are volleyed in bursts of 4 to 20."

"This behavior included erection of the spiny fins, adjustment of position so that an eye was directed toward the approaching hydrophone, movement toward a rocky depression near which the fish hovered, and production of the call in volleys of 3 to 20 individual pulses."

Full Description

"Figure 13. Grunts of Epinephalus striatus in cement tank."

"The strong contractions of body wall musculature accompanying production of the call are visible externally, and are easily elicited by startling or handling the fish in laboratory tanks. Sounds similar to those produced on alarm, but of a somewhat lower intensity, are produced during quickened swimming accompanying feeding."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The fishes most frequently heard along the western edge of the Great Baham Bank in the Bimini area, the Nassau grouper, Epinephalus striatus (Bloch), and the squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck), are inhabitants of relatively shallow water."

"Figure 13. Grunts of Epinephalus striatus in cement tank."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The strong contractions of body wall musculature accompanying production of the call are visible externally, and are easily elicited by startling or handling the fish in laboratory tanks. Sounds similar to those produced on alarm, but of a somewhat lower intensity, are produced during quickened swimming accompanying feeding."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 14. Two E. striatus grunts (left) and a volley of thump-like sounds of H. adscensionis west of Turtle Rocks. Snapping shrimp in background."

Full Description

"The porcu- pinefish, Diodon hystrix L., and the puffer, Spheroides spengleri (Bloch), were so similar in acoustical behavior as to merit a single discussion (Table II). Both produce sound during and after inflation by stridulation of the toothplates, the sound being of a klaxon-like variety (Figs. 9, 10). Only feeding sounds were recorded from undisturbed individuals. Frequencies of greatest intensities are similar in chewing and stridulation noises, although these levels vary between the two species (Table IIT) and may be expected to vary with size. Only a single individual of each was recorded at Bimini. Observations on these species and on the common puffer, Spherotdes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider) of the Woods Hole area suggest that the stridulatory sound is more readily elicited from smaller individuals than from full-grown animals."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Spheroides spengleri hand-held in aquarium at hydrophone"

Behaviour Description Quotes

"TABLE II Characteristics of fish sounds recorded at Bimini"

Full Description

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) was recorded in a laboratory aquarium during handling of a 3.5-inch individual (Table II; Fig. 7)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) was recorded in a laboratory aquarium during handling of a 3.5-inch individual (Table II; Fig. 7)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The pharyngeal tooth stridulation of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) was recorded in a laboratory aquarium during handling of a 3.5-inch individual (Table II; Fig. 7)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The stimuli used in eliciting sound in the labo of handling, capture in a net or feeding, or a combination of reported were recorded from isolated, submerged specimens, fin drumming and tooth stridulation of individual triggerfishe were not heard while the fish were being handled under wate described were produced in air as well as under water, exce demoiselle, Pomacentrus leucosticus (Mueller and Troschel), wh only from submerged specimens."

Full Description

"The sound of the rock hind, Epinephalus adsencionis (Osbeck) (Table IT), while of markedly lower intensity than that of the Nassau grouper, is produced under similar circumstances in laboratory tanks and is of similar characteristics."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The sound of the rock hind, Epinephalus adsencionis (Osbeck) (Table IT), while of markedly lower intensity than that of the Nassau grouper, is produced under similar circumstances in laboratory tanks and is of similar characteristics."

Sound Name Quotes

"TABLE II Characteristics of fish sounds recorded at Bimini"

Full Description

"Figure 15. Snaps of male Pomacentrus leucostictus in aquarium."

"The sharp but rather faint knocks or snaps produced probably only by males of the demoiselle, Pomacentrus leuco- stictus (Mueller and Troschel), were recorded when a given individual suddenly dashed from cover to pursue other individuals approaching its place of conceal- ment (Table II; Fig. 15)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Figure 15. Snaps of male Pomacentrus leucostictus in aquarium."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The sharp but rather faint knocks or snaps produced probably only by males of the demoiselle, Pomacentrus leuco- stictus (Mueller and Troschel), were recorded when a given individual suddenly dashed from cover to pursue other individuals approaching its place of conceal- ment (Table II; Fig. 15)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 15. Snaps of male Pomacentrus leucostictus in aquarium."

"The sharp but rather faint knocks or snaps produced probably only by males of the demoiselle, Pomacentrus leuco- stictus (Mueller and Troschel), were recorded when a given individual suddenly dashed from cover to pursue other individuals approaching its place of conceal- ment (Table II; Fig. 15)."

Full Description

"The vibrant deep grunts of the queen, Angelichthyes ciliaris (Linnaeus), and black, Pomacanthus arcuatus (L.), angel- fishes (Table II) are not easily distinguished from those of. the serranids with which they may occur. Vibration frequency analysis shows (Fig. 8) a tendency for highest frequencies of the angelfish grunts to be located in the middle of the call, whereas serranid grunts tend to be initiated with high frequency spikes."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Under laboratory conditions, both queen and black angelfishes produce the grunt during feeding on bits of conch, and when startled to quickened swimming by an observer."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Under laboratory conditions, both queen and black angelfishes produce the grunt during feeding on bits of conch, and when startled to quickened swimming by an observer."

Sound Name Quotes

"The vibrant deep grunts of the queen, Angelichthyes ciliaris (Linnaeus), and black, Pomacanthus arcuatus (L.), angel- fishes (Table II) are not easily distinguished from those of. the serranids with which they may occur. Vibration frequency analysis shows (Fig. 8) a tendency for highest frequencies of the angelfish grunts to be located in the middle of the call, whereas serranid grunts tend to be initiated with high frequency spikes."

Full Description

"Figure 11. Pharyngeal tooth stridulation of Haemulon sciurus in aquarium."

"The haemulid rasp was not identified in any recordings made at sea; it was heard only from hand-held specimens of the blue-striped (Table II; Fig. 11) and yellow grunts, Haemulon sciurus (Shaw) and H. flavolineatum (Desmarest), respectively;"

Observation Environment Quotes

"Figure 11. Pharyngeal tooth stridulation of Haemulon sciurus in aquarium."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The haemulid rasp was not identified in any recordings made at sea; it was heard only from hand-held specimens of the blue-striped (Table II; Fig. 11) and yellow grunts, Haemulon sciurus (Shaw) and H. flavolineatum (Desmarest), respectively;"

Sound Name Quotes

"The haemulid rasp was not identified in any recordings made at sea; it was heard only from hand-held specimens of the blue-striped (Table II; Fig. 11) and yellow grunts, Haemulon sciurus (Shaw) and H. flavolineatum (Desmarest), respectively;"

Full Description

"The porcu- pinefish, Diodon hystrix L., and the puffer, Spheroides spengleri (Bloch), were so similar in acoustical behavior as to merit a single discussion (Table II). Both produce sound during and after inflation by stridulation of the toothplates, the sound being of a klaxon-like variety (Figs. 9, 10). Only feeding sounds were recorded from undisturbed individuals. Frequencies of greatest intensities are similar in chewing and stridulation noises, although these levels vary between the two species (Table IIT) and may be expected to vary with size. Only a single individual of each was recorded at Bimini. Observations on these species and on the common puffer, Spherotdes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider) of the Woods Hole area suggest that the stridulatory sound is more readily elicited from smaller individuals than from full-grown animals."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The stimuli used in eliciting sound in the labo of handling, capture in a net or feeding, or a combination of reported were recorded from isolated, submerged specimens, fin drumming and tooth stridulation of individual triggerfishe were not heard while the fish were being handled under wate described were produced in air as well as under water, exce demoiselle, Pomacentrus leucosticus (Mueller and Troschel), wh only from submerged specimens."

Full Description

"The porcu- pinefish, Diodon hystrix L., and the puffer, Spheroides spengleri (Bloch), were so similar in acoustical behavior as to merit a single discussion (Table II). Both produce sound during and after inflation by stridulation of the toothplates, the sound being of a klaxon-like variety (Figs. 9, 10). Only feeding sounds were recorded from undisturbed individuals. Frequencies of greatest intensities are similar in chewing and stridulation noises, although these levels vary between the two species (Table IIT) and may be expected to vary with size. Only a single individual of each was recorded at Bimini. Observations on these species and on the common puffer, Spherotdes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider) of the Woods Hole area suggest that the stridulatory sound is more readily elicited from smaller individuals than from full-grown animals."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Diodon hystrix hand-held in aquarium at hydrophone"

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Diodon hystrix hand-held in aquarium at hydrophone"

Full Description

"FIGURE lI. The pectoral fin-drum of Melicthys piceus in air."

"While tooth stridulation and pectoral fin drumming were not heard from isolated triggerfishes handled underwater, recordings made during the feeding about the hydrophone of a captive population of queen and black triggerfishes showed predominant intensities of accompanying sounds between .6 and 2.9 kc. (Table II), which essentially spans the frequency ranges of predominant intensities obtained during tooth stridulation by these species in air."

Observation Environment Quotes

"While tooth stridulation and pectoral fin drumming were not heard from isolated triggerfishes handled underwater, recordings made during the feeding about the hydrophone of a captive population of queen and black triggerfishes showed predominant intensities of accompanying sounds between .6 and 2.9 kc. (Table II), which essentially spans the frequency ranges of predominant intensities obtained during tooth stridulation by these species in air."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"FIGURE lI. The pectoral fin-drum of Melicthys piceus in air."

Sound Name Quotes

"FIGURE lI. The pectoral fin-drum of Melicthys piceus in air."

Observation Environment Quotes

"The stimuli used in eliciting sound in the labo of handling, capture in a net or feeding, or a combination of reported were recorded from isolated, submerged specimens, fin drumming and tooth stridulation of individual triggerfishe were not heard while the fish were being handled under wate described were produced in air as well as under water, exce demoiselle, Pomacentrus leucosticus (Mueller and Troschel), wh only from submerged specimens."