View Entry on FishBase Website
Joachim S. Müller, license: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, source: iNaturalist
Superclass:
Osteichthyes
Class:
Teleostei
Order:
Gadiformes
Family:
Gadidae
Genus:
Gadus
Species:
morhua
Common:
Atlantic cod
Climates:
Tropical
Temperate
Subtropical
Polar
Boreal
Waters:
Brackish water
Marine
Map of Known Habitats
Hover on map to view region name
(Click map to search in region)
Regions:
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic, Northeast
Atlantic, Northwest
Atlantic, Southwest
Atlantic, Western Central
Africa - Inland Waters
Mediterranean and Black Sea
Description
Sound Name: Grunt
Citable References
Kaschner (2012)
Finstad and Nordeide (2001)
Sound Name: Unnamed
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML111998)
Hawkins and Rasmussen (1978)
Hawkins and Picciulin (2019)
Sound Names: Growl; Grunt Thump
Fish and Mowbray (1970)
Midling, K., Soldal, A. V., Fosseidengen, J. E., Øvredal, J. T. 2002. Calls of the Atlantic Cod: Does Captivity Restrict Their Vocal Repertoire? Bioacoustics, 12(2-3): 233-235.
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Species Identified
Sound Detected
Active
Passive Feeding
Other Passive
Morphophysiological
Auditory
Visual
Finstad, J. L., Nordeide, J. T. 2004. Acoustic Repertoire of Spawning Cod, Gadus morhua. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 70(4): 427-433.
Freytag, G. 1971. Practical Applications and Limitations in the Method of Fish Finding by Passive Listening. Modern Fishing Gear of the World, 3: 51-55.
Finstad, J. L., Nordeide, J. T. 2001. Sound Production by Coastal Cod and North-East Arctic Cod. ICES CM 2001.
Soldal, A. V., Midling, K. Ø., Fosseidengen, J. E., Svellingen, I., Øvredal, J. T. 2000. Fish Sound, a Future Tool for Selectivity. Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Underwater Acoustics.
Zemeckis, D. R., Dean, M. J., DeAngelis, A. I., Van Parijs, S. M., Hoffman, W. S., Baumgartner, M. F., Hatch, L. T., Cadrin, S. X., McGuire, C. H. 2019. Identifying the Distribution of Atlantic Cod Spawning Using Multiple Fixed and Glider-Mounted Acoustic Technologies. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 76(6): 1610-1625.
Skjæraasen, J. E., Meager, J. J., Heino, M. 2012. Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Codfishes (Gadidae) in Relation to Sound Production, Habitat Use and Social Behaviour. Marine Biology Research, 8(3): 201-209.
Hernandez, K. M., Risch, D., Cholewiak, D. M., Dean, M. J., Hatch, L. T., Hoffman, W. S., Rice, A. N., Zemeckis, D., Van Parijs, S. M. 2013. Acoustic Monitoring of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in Massachusetts Bay: Implications for Management and Conservation. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70(3): 628-635.
Engen, F., Folstad, I. 1999. Cod Courtship Song: A Song at the Expense of Dance? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77(4): 542-550.
Hawkins, A. D., Rasmussen, K. J. 1978. The Calls of Gadoid Fish. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58(4): 891-911.
Brawn, V. M. 1961. Aggressive Behaviour in the Cod (Gadus callarias L.). Behaviour, 18(1-2): 107-147.
Rowe, S., Hutchings, J. A., Skjæraasen, J. E., Bezanson, L. 2008. Morphological and Behavioural Correlates of Reproductive Success in Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 354: 257-265.
Vester, H. I., Folkow, L. P., Blix, A. S. 2004. Click Sounds Produced by Cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(2): 914-919.
Stanley, J. A., Van Parijs, S. M., Hatch, L. T. 2017. Underwater Sound from Vessel Traffic Reduces the Effective Communication Range in Atlantic Cod and Haddock. Scientific Reports, 7(14633).
Skjæraasen, J. E., Meager, J. J., Karlsen, Ø. 2008. The Expression of Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Recruit- and Repeat-Spawning Farmed and Wild Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65(9): 1710-1716.
Fish, M. P., Mowbray, W. H. 1970. Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes, A Reference File of Biological Underwater Sounds. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD.
Caiger, P. E., Dean, M. J., DeAngelis, A. I., Hatch, L. T., Rice, A. N., Stanley, J. A., Tholke, C., Zemeckis, D. R., Van Parijs, S. M. 2020. A Decade of Monitoring Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua Spawning Aggregations in Massachusetts Bay Using Passive Acoustics. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 635: 89-103.
Skjæraasen, J. E., Mayer, I., Meager, J. J., Rudolfsen, G., Karlsen, Ø., Haugland, T., Kleven, O. 2009. Sperm Characteristics and Competitive Ability in Farmed and Wild Cod. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 375: 219-228.
Brawn, V. M. 1961. Reproductive Behaviour of the Cod (Gadus callarias L.). Behaviour, 18(3): 177-197.
Nordeide, J. T., Solberg, C., Willumsen, L., Amble, S. B. 2008. Seasonal Variation and Condition-Dependence of the Drumming Muscle of Cod, Gadus morhua L.? – an Experimental Approach. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 363(1-2): 66-74.
Skjæraasen, J. E., Rowe, S., Hutchings, J. A. 2006. Sexual Dimorphism in Pelvic Fin Length of Atlantic Cod. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84(6): 865-870.
Rowe, S., Hutchings, J. A. 2006. Sound Production by Atlantic Cod during Spawning. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135(2): 529-538.
Wilson, L. J., Burrows, M. T., Hastie, G. D., Wilson, B. 2014. Temporal Variation and Characterization of Grunt Sounds Produced by Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua and Pollack Pollachius pollachius during the Spawning Season. Journal of Fish Biology, 84(4): 1014-1030.
Wringe, B. F., Fleming, I. A., Purchase, C. F. 2015. Rapid Morphological Divergence of Cultured Cod of the Northwest Atlantic from Their Source Population. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 7(2): 167-177.
Nordeide, J. T., Kjellsby, E. 1999. Sound from Spawning Cod at Their Spawning Grounds. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56(3): 326-332.
Rowe, S., Hutchings, J. A. 2008. A Link between Sound Producing Musculature and Mating Success in Atlantic Cod. Journal of Fish Biology, 72(3): 500-511.
Rose, G. A. 2008. Acoustic GIS-Based Monitoring of Atlantic Cod Ecosystems in Coastal Newfoundland. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(5): 2993-2993.
Rowe, S., Hutchings, J. A. 2004. The Function of Sound Production by Atlantic Cod as inferred from Patterns of Variation in Drumming Muscle Mass. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82(9): 1391-1398.
Urazghildiiev, I. R., Van Parijs, S. M. 2016. Automatic Grunt Detector and Recognizer for Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 139(5): 2532-2540.
Kaschner, K. 2012. The SOUNDS table in FishBase. FishBase (R. Froese and D. Pauly). World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version (08/2012).