Full Description

"This animal produced a fairly loud, cricket-like stridulatory sound whenever it was lifted from the water of its container, apparently by the scraping together of the rapidly vibrated pharyngeal patches."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Full Description

"A number of carangids produce a stridulatory sound, a harsh, al- most continuous croak, by scraping the upper and lower pharyngeal patches together. Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Vomer setapinnis may be added to this list. Caranx hippos makes a similar noise, as has been noted by Bridge (1904)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"A number of carangids produce a stridulatory sound, a harsh, al- most continuous croak, by scraping the upper and lower pharyngeal patches together. Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Vomer setapinnis may be added to this list. Caranx hippos makes a similar noise, as has been noted by Bridge (1904)."

Full Description

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"The triglids Prionotus tribulus and P. punctatus (?) produce the grunt described for other species of the family, by the action of the in- trinsic muscles of the swim-bladder."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"The triglids Prionotus tribulus and P. punctatus (?) produce the grunt described for other species of the family, by the action of the in- trinsic muscles of the swim-bladder."

Full Description

"A number of individuals of Batrdiella chrysura, especially the small ones, croaked with the phryngeal teeth. The male of this species drums with the swim-bladder and its: muscles."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"A number of individuals of Batrdiella chrysura, especially the small ones, croaked with the phryngeal teeth. The male of this species drums with the swim-bladder and its: muscles."

Full Description

"Lagodon rhomboides produced a scraping clash by the sliding on each other of the upper and lower incisor teeth. The noise is made during a peculiar sneeze-like violent gasp interpolated occasionally among the usual respiratory movements of the fish kept out of water. It is not at all cer- tain that the sounds produced by Syngnathus and Lagodon are anything but the incidental and involuntary accompaniments of actions directed ‘to some function other than the vocal."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"Lagodon rhomboides produced a scraping clash by the sliding on each other of the upper and lower incisor teeth. The noise is made during a peculiar sneeze-like violent gasp interpolated occasionally among the usual respiratory movements of the fish kept out of water. It is not at all cer- tain that the sounds produced by Syngnathus and Lagodon are anything but the incidental and involuntary accompaniments of actions directed ‘to some function other than the vocal."

Full Description

"Monacanthus hispidus*’ was observed to produce a sharp; whining, scraping noise by sliding the biting edges of the lower incisors upward over the sloping posterior surfaces of the upper incisors during the rapidly repeated closing of the mouth."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"Monacanthus hispidus*’ was observed to produce a sharp; whining, scraping noise by sliding the biting edges of the lower incisors upward over the sloping posterior surfaces of the upper incisors during the rapidly repeated closing of the mouth."

Full Description

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"S pheroides nephelus, down to very small sizes, and Chilomycterus spinosus, in agreement with other gymnodonts (Tower, 1908), produce a stridulatory sound by the grating of the incisor teeth. The sound, in the individuals observed by the writer, was a high-pitched, nasal, whining scrape, produced during and after inflation."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"S pheroides nephelus, down to very small sizes, and Chilomycterus spinosus, in agreement with other gymnodonts (Tower, 1908), produce a stridulatory sound by the grating of the incisor teeth. The sound, in the individuals observed by the writer, was a high-pitched, nasal, whining scrape, produced during and after inflation."

Full Description

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

Full Description

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"Individuals of Micropogon undulatus, of both sexes, make a loud drumming noise by means of the swim-bladder apparatus. Individuals of this species, in addi- tion, produce a croak like that of a haemulid by the friction of the patches of pharyngeal teeth."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"Individuals of Micropogon undulatus, of both sexes, make a loud drumming noise by means of the swim-bladder apparatus. Individuals of this species, in addi- tion, produce a croak like that of a haemulid by the friction of the patches of pharyngeal teeth."

Full Description

"The triglids Prionotus tribulus and P. punctatus (?) produce the grunt described for other species of the family, by the action of the in- trinsic muscles of the swim-bladder."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"The triglids Prionotus tribulus and P. punctatus (?) produce the grunt described for other species of the family, by the action of the in- trinsic muscles of the swim-bladder."

Full Description

"Galeichthys milberti seems to agree with other siluroids (Dufossé, 1874; Sgrensen, 1884, 1894) in its manner of sound production. The writer has observed this species to make a dull, low-pitched grunting noise, which seems to come from the air-bladder."

"In addition, Galeichthys makes a second noise, often concurrently with the first; a whining mew apparently produced by stridulation at the articu- lation of the bony ray of the pectoral fin."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"Galeichthys milberti seems to agree with other siluroids (Dufossé, 1874; Sgrensen, 1884, 1894) in its manner of sound production. The writer has observed this species to make a dull, low-pitched grunting noise, which seems to come from the air-bladder. "

"In addition, Galeichthys makes a second noise, often concurrently with the first; a whining mew apparently produced by stridulation at the articu- lation of the bony ray of the pectoral fin."

Full Description

"A number of carangids produce a stridulatory sound, a harsh, al- most continuous croak, by scraping the upper and lower pharyngeal patches together. Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Vomer setapinnis may be added to this list. Caranx hippos makes a similar noise, as has been noted by Bridge (1904)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"A number of carangids produce a stridulatory sound, a harsh, al- most continuous croak, by scraping the upper and lower pharyngeal patches together. Chloroscombrus chrysurus and Vomer setapinnis may be added to this list. Caranx hippos makes a similar noise, as has been noted by Bridge (1904)."

Full Description

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"In common with other sciaenid species previously reported as sound-producers, the males of Cynoscion arenarius, Stellifer lanceolatus and Larimus fasciatus make a drumming noise by means of the air-blad- der and its extrinsic muscles."

Full Description

"A faint drumming noise is produced by fishes of this species, ap- parently through the agency of the swim-bladder and its intrinsic muscles."

"In addition, a few specimens of Chaetodipterus produced a grating croak by the scraping together of the upper and lower patches of pharyngeal teeth."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"A faint drumming noise is produced by fishes of this species, ap- parently through the agency of the swim-bladder and its intrinsic muscles."

"In addition, a few specimens of Chaetodipterus produced a grating croak by the scraping together of the upper and lower patches of pharyngeal teeth."

Full Description

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"These other species are Cynoscion nebulosus, C. nothus and C. arenarius, Letostomus xanthurus, Larimus fasciatus, Sciaenops ocellatus and Pogomas chromis. In all of these the male drums with the swim-bladder apparatus."

Full Description

"Syngnathus louisianae was observed to produce a click quite similar to that of an elaterid beetle, by repeatedly snapping the head very sharply up."

"It is not at all cer- tain that the sounds produced by Syngnathus and Lagodon are anything but the incidental and involuntary accompaniments of actions directed ‘to some function other than the vocal."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"Syngnathus louisianae was observed to produce a click quite similar to that of an elaterid beetle, by repeatedly snapping the head very sharply up."

Full Description

"S pheroides nephelus, down to very small sizes, and Chilomycterus spinosus, in agreement with other gymnodonts (Tower, 1908), produce a stridulatory sound by the grating of the incisor teeth. The sound, in the individuals observed by the writer, was a high-pitched, nasal, whining scrape, produced during and after inflation."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Since aquarium facilities were lacking, notes were made on the vocal species as they were taken alive from the hook, seine or otter-trawl; a few of the fishes were kept under observation for a time in water-buckets or other small containers. These observations were supplemented by the examination of preserved material. At no time did the writer hear any vocal sounds attributable to fishes uncaptured and undisturbed."

Sound Name Quotes

"S pheroides nephelus, down to very small sizes, and Chilomycterus spinosus, in agreement with other gymnodonts (Tower, 1908), produce a stridulatory sound by the grating of the incisor teeth. The sound, in the individuals observed by the writer, was a high-pitched, nasal, whining scrape, produced during and after inflation."