Full Description

"Sound production of Spotted Seatrout began in early spring (i.e., February) and ended in early fall (i.e., end of September)."Individual species had temperature-specific ranges in which they produced sound: Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum between 21 C and 26 C; Spotted Seatrout between 22 C and 30 C; and Red Drum between 28 C and 26 C."

"In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, sounds associated with spawning in Red Drum have been recorded predominately in deeper water (i.e., greater than 3 m), while Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout sounds were recorded equally in shallow and deep water (Luczkovich et al. 2008b)."

"Spotted Seatrout produced three different calls, which were characterized as “grunts,” “drums,” or “staccatos” following the nomenclature previously published in other studies (Figure 2C; e.g., Sprague et al. 2000; Walters et al. 2009). The acoustic energy of these calls occurred between 200 and 1,000 Hz. Grunts are calls that contain multiple harmonics between 200 and 1,000 Hz. The drum is a single pulse or a group of 2–4 pulses, while the staccato has been defined as a group of consecutive drums (n > 5 pulses)."

"Of those five species, chorusing aggregations of Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout were detected (Figure 3). The energy of the Silver Perch chorus ranged between 500 and 3,500 Hz (Figure 3A). The energy of the Spotted Seatrout chorus ranged between 100 and 800 Hz (Figure 3B)."

"Overall, sound production occurred less frequently at stations that were located near the source of the May River (e.g., stations 4M, 2M, 5M, and 7M) than at stations further downriver."

"Water temperature was associated with sound production in Oyster Toadfish and Spotted Seatrout; in Spotted Seatrout, the strong, positive coefficient indicated that more calling occurred when the water temperature was warmer (Table 3). Temperature and received SPL were positively related (Table 3; Figure 6A)."

"For Spotted Seatrout occupying the May River and adjoining creeks, depth was a significant factor in predicting sound production; choral aggregations of Spotted Seatrout were not recorded at sites with depths less than 2.2 m."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012."

Sound Name Quotes

"Spotted Seatrout produced three different calls, which were characterized as “grunts,” “drums,” or “staccatos” following the nomenclature previously published in other studies (Figure 2C; e.g., Sprague et al. 2000; Walters et al. 2009). The acoustic energy of these calls occurred between 200 and 1,000 Hz. Grunts are calls that contain multiple harmonics between 200 and 1,000 Hz. The drum is a single pulse or a group of 2–4 pulses, while the staccato has been defined as a group of consecutive drums (n > 5 pulses). "

"Of those five species, chorusing aggregations of Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout were detected (Figure 3). The energy of the Silver Perch chorus ranged between 500 and 3,500 Hz (Figure 3A). The energy of the Spotted Seatrout chorus ranged between 100 and 800 Hz (Figure 3B)."

Full Description

"Seasonally, Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum began calling in early spring and ended in May."Individual species had temperature-specific ranges in which they produced sound: Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum between 21 C and 26 C; Spotted Seatrout between 22 C and 30 C; and Red Drum between 28 C and 26 C."

"For example, Oyster Toadfish produce a call that sounds like a “boat whistle” that is composed of a fundamental frequency at approximately 250 Hz with multiple harmonics (Tavolga 1958)."

"Male Oyster Toadfish calls typically exhibited the “boat whistle” signature, with the fundamental frequency at 200 Hz and harmonics at 400 and 600 Hz (Figure 2A; Tavolga 1958)."

"Overall, sound production occurred less frequently at stations that were located near the source of the May River (e.g., stations 4M, 2M, 5M, and 7M) than at stations further downriver."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012."

Sound Name Quotes

"For example, Oyster Toadfish produce a call that sounds like a “boat whistle” that is composed of a fundamental frequency at approximately 250 Hz with multiple harmonics (Tavolga 1958)."

"Male Oyster Toadfish calls typically exhibited the “boat whistle” signature, with the fundamental frequency at 200 Hz and harmonics at 400 and 600 Hz (Figure 2A; Tavolga 1958)."

Full Description

"Seasonally, Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum began calling in early spring and ended in May."Individual species had temperature-specific ranges in which they produced sound: Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum between 21 C and 26 C; Spotted Seatrout between 22 C and 30 C; and Red Drum between 28 C and 26 C."

"In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, sounds associated with spawning in Red Drum have been recorded predominately in deeper water (i.e., greater than 3 m), while Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout sounds were recorded equally in shallow and deep water (Luczkovich et al. 2008b)."

"Silver Perch calls typically exhibited high-frequency repetitive knocks or clucks, with most of the acoustic energy ranging between 500 and 3,000 Hz (Figure 2A; Sprague et al. 2000)."

"Of those five species, chorusing aggregations of Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout were detected (Figure 3). The energy of the Silver Perch chorus ranged between 500 and 3,500 Hz (Figure 3A). The energy of the Spotted Seatrout chorus ranged between 100 and 800 Hz (Figure 3B)."

"Overall, sound production occurred less frequently at stations that were located near the source of the May River (e.g., stations 4M, 2M, 5M, and 7M) than at stations further downriver."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012."

Sound Name Quotes

"Silver Perch calls typically exhibited high-frequency repetitive knocks or clucks, with most of the acoustic energy ranging between 500 and 3,000 Hz (Figure 2A; Sprague et al. 2000). "

"Of those five species, chorusing aggregations of Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout were detected (Figure 3). The energy of the Silver Perch chorus ranged between 500 and 3,500 Hz (Figure 3A). The energy of the Spotted Seatrout chorus ranged between 100 and 800 Hz (Figure 3B)."

Full Description

"The majority of Red Drum sound production occurred in August and September."

"Individual species had temperature-specific ranges in which they produced sound: Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum between 21 C and 26 C; Spotted Seatrout between 22 C and 30 C; and Red Drum between 28 C and 26 C."

"In a study with captive Red Drum, we demonstrated that the amount of calling and the call structure played a very important role in spawning success (E. W. Montie and colleagues, unpublished data). We discovered that more calling and longer calls with more pulses were associated with spawns that were more productive (i.e., more eggs were collected)."

"In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, sounds associated with spawning in Red Drum have been recorded predominately in deeper water (i.e., greater than 3 m), while Silver Perch and Spotted Seatrout sounds were recorded equally in shallow and deep water (Luczkovich et al. 2008b)."

"Red Drum calls were also identified; these calls typically exhibited low-frequency repetitive knocks with varying number of pulses, with acoustic energy between 100 and 500 Hz (Figure 2D; Sprague et al. 2000)."

"Overall, sound production occurred less frequently at stations that were located near the source of the May River (e.g., stations 4M, 2M, 5M, and 7M) than at stations further downriver."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"In a study with captive Red Drum, we demonstrated that the amount of calling and the call structure played a very important role in spawning success (E. W. Montie and colleagues, unpublished data). We discovered that more calling and longer calls with more pulses were associated with spawns that were more productive (i.e., more eggs were collected)."

Sound Name Quotes

"In a study with captive Red Drum, we demonstrated that the amount of calling and the call structure played a very important role in spawning success (E. W. Montie and colleagues, unpublished data). We discovered that more calling and longer calls with more pulses were associated with spawns that were more productive (i.e., more eggs were collected). "

"Red Drum calls were also identified; these calls typically exhibited low-frequency repetitive knocks with varying number of pulses, with acoustic energy between 100 and 500 Hz (Figure 2D; Sprague et al. 2000)."

Full Description

"Seasonally, Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum began calling in early spring and ended in May."Individual species had temperature-specific ranges in which they produced sound: Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum between 21 C and 26 C; Spotted Seatrout between 22 C and 30 C; and Red Drum between 28 C and 26 C."

"Black Drum calls typically exhibited the low-frequency “boom” signature, with a fundamental frequency at approximately 150 Hz with multiple harmonics (Figure 2B; Locascio et al. 2012)."

"Overall, sound production occurred less frequently at stations that were located near the source of the May River (e.g., stations 4M, 2M, 5M, and 7M) than at stations further downriver."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012."

Sound Name Quotes

"Black Drum calls typically exhibited the low-frequency “boom” signature, with a fundamental frequency at approximately 150 Hz with multiple harmonics (Figure 2B; Locascio et al. 2012)."