Full Description

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

"Although, for G. niger, Kinzer (1961) had reported a ‘stridulatory’ courtship sound, a different type of sound (see below) is described for this species for the first time in the present study."

"Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) of a sound of Gobius niger (sound produced during courtship, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"After being captured, fishes were brought to the laboratory where they were sexed on the basis of the urogenital papilla (Miller, 1984) and housed in suitable aquaria. Eleven males of G. paganellus (size range 94–165 mm TL), six males of G. cobitis (size range 103–192 mm TL) and five males of G. niger (size range 105–134 mm TL) were selected and placed alternatively in large glass-tanks (capacity 300 litres), whereas other individuals (both males and females) of the same species were placed in smaller community tanks (capacity 100 litres) and used as intruders or mates during the experiments, which are described subsequently."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Although, for G. niger, Kinzer (1961) had reported a ‘stridulatory’ courtship sound, a different type of sound (see below) is described for this species for the first time in the present study."

"Table 1. Total number of individuals and sounds analysed for each species and behavioural context (aggressive and reproductive)"

" Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) of a sound of Gobius niger (sound produced during courtship, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

Sound Name Quotes

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

Full Description

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

"Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) of a sound of Pomatoschistus canestrinii (pre-spawning sound, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"After being captured, fishes were brought to the laboratory where they were sexed on the basis of the urogenital papilla (Miller, 1984) and housed in suitable aquaria. Eleven males of G. paganellus (size range 94–165 mm TL), six males of G. cobitis (size range 103–192 mm TL) and five males of G. niger (size range 105–134 mm TL) were selected and placed alternatively in large glass-tanks (capacity 300 litres), whereas other individuals (both males and females) of the same species were placed in smaller community tanks (capacity 100 litres) and used as intruders or mates during the experiments, which are described subsequently."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) of a sound of Pomatoschistus canestrinii (pre-spawning sound, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

"Table 1. Total number of individuals and sounds analysed for each species and behavioural context (aggressive and reproductive)"

Sound Name Quotes

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

Full Description

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

Observation Environment Quotes

"After being captured, fishes were brought to the laboratory where they were sexed on the basis of the urogenital papilla (Miller, 1984) and housed in suitable aquaria. Eleven males of G. paganellus (size range 94–165 mm TL), six males of G. cobitis (size range 103–192 mm TL) and five males of G. niger (size range 105–134 mm TL) were selected and placed alternatively in large glass-tanks (capacity 300 litres), whereas other individuals (both males and females) of the same species were placed in smaller community tanks (capacity 100 litres) and used as intruders or mates during the experiments, which are described subsequently."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Table 1. Total number of individuals and sounds analysed for each species and behavioural context (aggressive and reproductive)"

Sound Name Quotes

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

Full Description

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."

"Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) for a call of Gobius paganellus (courtship sound, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"After being captured, fishes were brought to the laboratory where they were sexed on the basis of the urogenital papilla (Miller, 1984) and housed in suitable aquaria. Eleven males of G. paganellus (size range 94–165 mm TL), six males of G. cobitis (size range 103–192 mm TL) and five males of G. niger (size range 105–134 mm TL) were selected and placed alternatively in large glass-tanks (capacity 300 litres), whereas other individuals (both males and females) of the same species were placed in smaller community tanks (capacity 100 litres) and used as intruders or mates during the experiments, which are described subsequently."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Table 1. Total number of individuals and sounds analysed for each species and behavioural context (aggressive and reproductive)"

"Sonogram (above), spectrogram (below-right) and power spectrum (below-left) for a call of Gobius paganellus (courtship sound, window type: hamming; FFT: 256; frame: 100; bandwidth: 8 Hz; resolution: 5 Hz; overlap: 93.75%; filter band: 50–500 Hz)."

Sound Name Quotes

"The results obtained showed that three groups of species can be recognized on the basis of signal similarity: the larger sized species (genus Padogobius and Gobius paganellus) producing tonal sounds, showing high values of pulse rate and low values of duration; the larger-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Gobius and Zosterisessor) with low pulse rate and low duration; and the small-sized species producing grunt sounds (genus Pomatoschistus and Knipowitschia) with low pulse rate and high duration."