Observation Environment Quotes

"Audio data obtained for this analysis were collected passively off a private dock on the east coast of Quadra Island, British Columbia, using an HTI-96-MIN hydrophone (Wildlife Acoustics, MA, USA) secured to the seafloor (as in Cullis-Suzuki, 2015; Sattar et al., 2016)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"The ‘hum’ is by far its best understood call: associated with reproduction, the hum is emitted by alpha males in search of females who will come and mate (Brantley and Bass, 1994; Sisneros, 2009). The midshipman's other calls — the grunt, grunt train, growl and groan — are in comparison not well established."

Sound Name Quotes

"The ‘hum’ is by far its best understood call: associated with reproduction, the hum is emitted by alpha males in search of females who will come and mate (Brantley and Bass, 1994; Sisneros, 2009). The midshipman's other calls — the grunt, grunt train, growl and groan — are in comparison not well established."

"The proposed method involves multiresolution acoustic features (MRAF) extraction and RPCA (robust principal component analysis) based feature selection for monitoring of natural fish sounds produced in situ by the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus); here, we investigate this fish's grunts, growls and groans. "

"All data were collected in June 2012 and three dates were selected for this paper: June 7th, 15th, and 22nd; all three fish calls—grunts, growls and groans—were present during these three days."