Full Description

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."

Full Description

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."

Full Description

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."

Full Description

"Sound spectra in G. cobitis were obtained from sounds recorded during investigations of male–male agonistic interactions since mating sounds were not available."

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra in G. cobitis were obtained from sounds recorded during investigations of male–male agonistic interactions since mating sounds were not available."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."

Full Description

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."

Full Description

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008)."

"The nine goby species breeding in these habitats produce low-frequency sounds, with range of dominant frequencies similar to that determined for the same species in previous studies (see Table 2 in Malavasi et al. 2008). One exception is represented by the agonistic sound of the Giant goby, G. cobitis, peaking in the range 45–60 Hz in this study, and at around 80 Hz in the study by Malavasi et al. (2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Sound spectra (dB, SPL) were determined for nine species of Mediterranean gobiids [three Italian freshwater species, the Common goby: Padogobius bonelli, the Arno goby: Gobius nigricans, the Panzarolo goby: Knipowitschia punctatissima; four Italian brackish species, the Lagoon goby: K. panizzae, the Grass goby: Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, the Canestrini’s Goby: Pomatoschistus canestrinii, the Marbled goby: P. marmoratus; two marine/brackish species, the Giant goby: G. cobitis, the Rock goby: G. paganellus)] using the mating sounds (all species but G. cobitis) or the agonistic sounds (G. cobitis) recorded in the laboratory during previous studies (bibliographic sources are listed in the legend of Table 1)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Excluding G. nigricans, the mating sound of which is almost a pure tone at around 100 Hz (see “Results”), the other species emit short trains of sound pulses at a fairly constant or slightly modulated rate (reviewed in Malavasi et al. 2008). "

"The harmonic of highest amplitude of each band (dB SPL, re 1 Pa) and the peak harmonic (i.e., the harmonic of highest amplitude of the whole sound spectrum) were identified."