Full Description

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana."

"Spotted seatrout formed drumming aggregations from late May to early October at salinities ranging from 7.0 to 25.8ppt and temperatures from 24.5 to 33S°C. Black drum formed drumming aggregations between January and April in salinities from 10.0 to 27.0ppt and temperatures from 15.0 to 24.0°C. Large drumming aggregations of spotted seatrout were located from 1800 to 2400h and from 1800 to 2200h for black drum. Spotted seatrout aggregation size was highly correlated with water temperature and for black drum with dissolved oxygen concentrations."

"Male spotted seatrout produce four characteristic sounds identified as: a grunt followed by a series of knocks, aggregated grunts, a long grunt, and a staccato. Mok & Gilmore (1983) analyzed temporal and spatial sound production patterns by spotted seatrout and black drum and found that sound production by both species occurred primarily during the spawningseason from dusk to midnight."

"Throughout the study, drumming aggregations of spotted seatrout were only recorded between 1700and 0100h. The mean (+- 2 SE) time for large drumming aggregations was 2039h (+- 0.29h, N = 74) and 92% of the drumming took place between 1900and 2300h. No spotted seatrout drumming was recorded between 0200 and 1600h. The suitability index indicates that spawning activity increased from 1800h to a maximum between 2000 and 2100h and decreased after 2100h (Fig. 2). Of the physical variables, velocity,velocity interaction with depth, and temperature were important in predicting drumming aggregation size in the stepwise regression model."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana. "

"Females do not have a well developed drumming apparatus (Tower 1908,Pearson 1929,Hein & Shepard 1979) and only male sciaenids aggregate in suitable spawning habitat and drum to attract femalesthat are ready to spawn (Pearson 1929,Guest & Lasswell 1978)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana. "

" Male spotted seatrout produce four characteristic sounds identified as: a grunt followed by a series of knocks, aggregated grunts, a long grunt, and a staccato. "

"Spawning begins when males aggregate in suitable spawning sites, usually before sunset and croak or drum to attract females (Pearson 1929)."

Full Description

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana."

"Spotted seatrout formed drumming aggregations from late May to early October at salinities ranging from 7.0 to 25.8ppt and temperatures from 24.5 to 33S°C. Black drum formed drumming aggregations between January and April in salinities from 10.0 to 27.0ppt and temperatures from 15.0 to 24.0°C. Large drumming aggregations of spotted seatrout were located from 1800 to 2400h and from 1800 to 2200h for black drum. Spotted seatrout aggregation size was highly correlated with water temperature and for black drum with dissolved oxygen concentrations."

"Black drum produce several sounds including a staccato, a loud drum, and a short grunt."

"Mok & Gilmore (1983) analyzed temporal and spatial sound production patterns by spotted seatrout and black drum and found that sound production by both species occurred primarily during the spawningseason from dusk to midnight."

"In the correlation analysis for black drum aggregation size, temporal, and environmental variables, significant positive correlations (p <0.01) were found between drumming aggregation size and dissolved oxygen, and between temperature and velocity (Table 1)."

"Most of the drumming by black drum (89%) was recorded between 1800 and 2200h, but a few individuals were heard as early as 1300h on one occasion. The mean hour for large drumming aggregations was 1931h (+- 0.63, N = 15). The suitability index increased from 1800 to 2000h and decreased after 2000h (Fig. 2)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana. "

"Females do not have a well developed drumming apparatus (Tower 1908,Pearson 1929,Hein & Shepard 1979) and only male sciaenids aggregate in suitable spawning habitat and drum to attract femalesthat are ready to spawn (Pearson 1929,Guest & Lasswell 1978)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Spawning site selection by spotted seatrout and black drum was studied by locating drumming aggregations through the use of a hydrophone. From March 1987to October 1990,315 sound observations were made to identify and characterize spawning seasons and environmental requirementsof both speciesin the Barataria, Caminada, and eastern Timbalier Bay systems of Louisiana. "

"Black drum produce several sounds including a staccato, a loud drum, and a short grunt."