Full Description

"For silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout, a negative temperature anomaly correlated with decreased calling intensity, while a positive anomaly increased sound production."

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

"For oyster toadfish and spotted seatrout, the lunar phase significantly influenced calling."

"Seasonally, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum began calling in early spring and ended in May; sound production of spotted seatrout began in late winter (February) and ended in early fall (end of September), and the majority of red drum sound production occurred in August and September (Montie et al. 2015). These sound production timelines were consistent with the spawning timelines observed in other studies along the Southeast Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, which were based upon on the detection of courtship sounds, gonad indices, the presence of eggs and larvae in the water column, and/or appearance of young of the year (YOY) (Dobrin 1947, Tavolga 1960, Fish & Mowbray 1970, Overstreet 1983, Fine et al. 1984, Beckman et al. 1988, Brown-Peterson et al. 1988, 2002, McMichael & Peters 1989, Murphy & Taylor 1990, Saucier & Baltz 1993, Ross et al. 1995, Sprague 2000, Brown-Peterson & Warren 2002, Nieland et al. 2002, Roumillat & Brouwer 2004, Ramcharitar at al. 2006, Locascio & Mann 2008, Luczkovich et al. 2008, Locascio & Mann 2011, Wall et al. 2013, Montie et al. 2015)."

"For oyster toadfish, we only categorized the ‘boat whistle’ call, which has been associated with courtship, and did not quantify ‘grunt’ calls, which have been associated with nonadvertisement vocalizations (Fine & Thorson 2008, Maruska & Mensinger 2009)."

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Fig. S3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) for black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, red drum, and snapping shrimp sounds recorded in the May River, South Carolina"

"In some cases, chorusing was observed in oyster toadfish and red drum (Fig. S2)."

"Spatially, the highest species diversity was detected at the mouth of the May River (i.e. Stn 37M; 5 fish species), where we heard black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum; the lowest diversity was observed near the source (i.e. Stn 4M; 2 fish species) with only oyster toadfish and silver perch calls detected (Fig. 3A)."

"In the spring, as the water temperature and daylight hours increased, calling by silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout was more prevalent; these acoustic signals overlapped in space and time. As summer approached and water temperature rose and daylight lengthened, black drum and silver perch calling ended, oyster toadfish called less frequently, and spotted seatrout became the dominant sound producer. As fall approached, and the water temperature declined and daylight hours shortened, spotted seatrout calling began to wane, and red drum began calling. Red drum sound production peaked in the fall."

"We found a significant positive correlation for calling intensity patterns of silver perch, spotted seatrout, and oyster toadfish between stations (Table 5)."

"Temperature anomalies, which can change from one year to another, significantly influenced calling intensity of black drum, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling, while negative temperature anomalies decreased sound production."

"The lunar phase significantly influenced calling intensity of oyster toadfish and spotted seatrout. We detected pronounced cyclic patterns in the amount of calling and chorus duration for spotted seatrout."

"For each 2 min wav file and each fish species, we attempted to determine the root mean square (rms) received sound pressure level (SPL) by focusing on fish-specific frequency bands (i.e. black drum 70_90 Hz; silver perch 1000_ 1280 Hz; oyster toadfish 190_200 Hz; spotted seatrout 200_270 Hz; and red drum 120_160 Hz) that were derived from the comparisons of PSDs."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"For oyster toadfish, we only categorized the ‘boat whistle’ call, which has been associated with courtship, and did not quantify ‘grunt’ calls, which have been associated with nonadvertisement vocalizations (Fine & Thorson 2008, Maruska & Mensinger 2009)."

Sound Name Quotes

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum. "

"For oyster toadfish, we only categorized the ‘boat whistle’ call, which has been associated with courtship, and did not quantify ‘grunt’ calls, which have been associated with nonadvertisement vocalizations (Fine & Thorson 2008, Maruska & Mensinger 2009)."

Full Description

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

"In a quantitative study with captive red drum, findings revealed that spawning was more productive when the amount of calling increased; more eggs were collected when calls were longer in duration and contained more pulses (Montie et al. 2016)."

"Seasonally, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum began calling in early spring and ended in May; sound production of spotted seatrout began in late winter (February) and ended in early fall (end of September), and the majority of red drum sound production occurred in August and September (Montie et al. 2015). These sound production timelines were consistent with the spawning timelines observed in other studies along the Southeast Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, which were based upon on the detection of courtship sounds, gonad indices, the presence of eggs and larvae in the water column, and/or appearance of young of the year (YOY) (Dobrin 1947, Tavolga 1960, Fish & Mowbray 1970, Overstreet 1983, Fine et al. 1984, Beckman et al. 1988, Brown-Peterson et al. 1988, 2002, McMichael & Peters 1989, Murphy & Taylor 1990, Saucier & Baltz 1993, Ross et al. 1995, Sprague 2000, Brown-Peterson & Warren 2002, Nieland et al. 2002, Roumillat & Brouwer 2004, Ramcharitar at al. 2006, Locascio & Mann 2008, Luczkovich et al. 2008, Locascio & Mann 2011, Wall et al. 2013, Montie et al. 2015)."

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Fig. S3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) for black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, red drum, and snapping shrimp sounds recorded in the May River, South Carolina"

"In some cases, chorusing was observed in oyster toadfish and red drum (Fig. S2)."

"Spatially, the highest species diversity was detected at the mouth of the May River (i.e. Stn 37M; 5 fish species), where we heard black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum; the lowest diversity was observed near the source (i.e. Stn 4M; 2 fish species) with only oyster toadfish and silver perch calls detected (Fig. 3A)."

"As fall approached, and the water temperature declined and daylight hours shortened, spotted seatrout calling began to wane, and red drum began calling. Red drum sound production peaked in the fall."

"We detected daily patterns in calling and chorusing that were unique to each species. All detected sciaenids followed a general daily pattern in calling, with peak sound production occurring at dusk (Fig. 7)."

"Spotted seatrout calling increased 1 h before sunset, with a peak occurring 2 h after sunset and continuing for 1 h before the intensity began to decrease."

"As stated previously, we only detected red drum chorusing aggregations at Stn 37M. Chorus durations varied from 1 to 4 h, with the longest chorus occurring on 17 September 2013. Over the entire reproductive season, we estimated that red drum chorused approximately 27 h (Table 4)."

"For each 2 min wav file and each fish species, we attempted to determine the root mean square (rms) received sound pressure level (SPL) by focusing on fish-specific frequency bands (i.e. black drum 70_90 Hz; silver perch 1000_ 1280 Hz; oyster toadfish 190_200 Hz; spotted seatrout 200_270 Hz; and red drum 120_160 Hz) that were derived from the comparisons of PSDs."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Based on captive studies that illustrated a positive relationship between the amount of calling and spawning success in sciaenids (Connaughton & Taylor 1996, Luczkovich et al. 1999, Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 2008, Montie et al. 2016, 2017), we speculated that chorusing (i.e. calling intensity score = 3) was a reliable indicator of spawning for silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum (Table 4)."

Sound Name Quotes

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

Full Description

"For silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout, a negative temperature anomaly correlated with decreased calling intensity, while a positive anomaly increased sound production."

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

"For oyster toadfish and spotted seatrout, the lunar phase significantly influenced calling."

"In a similar study with captive spotted seatrout, spawning was more likely to occur when male fish called more frequently; a positive relationship was found between sound pressure levels in tanks and the number of eggs collected (Montie et al. 2017)."

"Seasonally, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum began calling in early spring and ended in May; sound production of spotted seatrout began in late winter (February) and ended in early fall (end of September), and the majority of red drum sound production occurred in August and September (Montie et al. 2015). These sound production timelines were consistent with the spawning timelines observed in other studies along the Southeast Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, which were based upon on the detection of courtship sounds, gonad indices, the presence of eggs and larvae in the water column, and/or appearance of young of the year (YOY) (Dobrin 1947, Tavolga 1960, Fish & Mowbray 1970, Overstreet 1983, Fine et al. 1984, Beckman et al. 1988, Brown-Peterson et al. 1988, 2002, McMichael & Peters 1989, Murphy & Taylor 1990, Saucier & Baltz 1993, Ross et al. 1995, Sprague 2000, Brown-Peterson & Warren 2002, Nieland et al. 2002, Roumillat & Brouwer 2004, Ramcharitar at al. 2006, Locascio & Mann 2008, Luczkovich et al. 2008, Locascio & Mann 2011, Wall et al. 2013, Montie et al. 2015)."

"For spotted seatrout, we grouped ‘grunts,’ ‘drums,’ and ‘staccato’ calls during analysis (Mok & Gilmore 1983, Montie et al. 2015, 2017)."

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Fig. S3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) for black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, red drum, and snapping shrimp sounds recorded in the May River, South Carolina"

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout often formed chorusing aggregations, which were detected in the 2 min recordings as overlapping calls (Fig. S2)."

"Spatially, the highest species diversity was detected at the mouth of the May River (i.e. Stn 37M; 5 fish species), where we heard black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum; the lowest diversity was observed near the source (i.e. Stn 4M; 2 fish species) with only oyster toadfish and silver perch calls detected (Fig. 3A)."

"In the spring, as the water temperature and daylight hours increased, calling by silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout was more prevalent; these acoustic signals overlapped in space and time. As summer approached and water temperature rose and daylight lengthened, black drum and silver perch calling ended, oyster toadfish called less frequently, and spotted seatrout became the dominant sound producer. As fall approached, and the water temperature declined and daylight hours shortened, spotted seatrout calling began to wane, and red drum began calling. Red drum sound production peaked in the fall."

"We found a significant positive correlation for calling intensity patterns of silver perch, spotted seatrout, and oyster toadfish between stations (Table 5)."

"We detected daily patterns in calling and chorusing that were unique to each species. All detected sciaenids followed a general daily pattern in calling, with peak sound production occurring at dusk (Fig. 7)."

"Spotted seatrout calling increased 1 h before sunset, with a peak occurring 2 h after sunset and continuing for 1 h before the intensity began to decrease."

"The duration of spotted seatrout chorusing varied between 0.3 and 9 h. The longest spotted seatrout chorus occurred for 9 h at Stn 9M on 29 April and 29 July 2013; for 8 h at Stn 14M on 28 April 2013; and for 8 h at Stn 37M on 28 July 2013. For the reproductive season of spotted seatrout, we estimated the total chorusing time to be 538 h at Stn 14M, 496 h at Stn 9M, and 409 h at Stn 37M (Table 4)."

"Temperature anomalies, which can change from one year to another, significantly influenced calling intensity of black drum, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling, while negative temperature anomalies decreased sound production."

"The lunar phase significantly influenced calling intensity of oyster toadfish and spotted seatrout. We detected pronounced cyclic patterns in the amount of calling and chorus duration for spotted seatrout."

"For each 2 min wav file and each fish species, we attempted to determine the root mean square (rms) received sound pressure level (SPL) by focusing on fish-specific frequency bands (i.e. black drum 70_90 Hz; silver perch 1000_ 1280 Hz; oyster toadfish 190_200 Hz; spotted seatrout 200_270 Hz; and red drum 120_160 Hz) that were derived from the comparisons of PSDs."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Based on captive studies that illustrated a positive relationship between the amount of calling and spawning success in sciaenids (Connaughton & Taylor 1996, Luczkovich et al. 1999, Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 2008, Montie et al. 2016, 2017), we speculated that chorusing (i.e. calling intensity score = 3) was a reliable indicator of spawning for silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum (Table 4)."

Sound Name Quotes

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum. "

"For spotted seatrout, we grouped ‘grunts,’ ‘drums,’ and ‘staccato’ calls during analysis (Mok & Gilmore 1983, Montie et al. 2015, 2017)."

Full Description

"For silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout, a negative temperature anomaly correlated with decreased calling intensity, while a positive anomaly increased sound production."

"Seasonally, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum began calling in early spring and ended in May; sound production of spotted seatrout began in late winter (February) and ended in early fall (end of September), and the majority of red drum sound production occurred in August and September (Montie et al. 2015). These sound production timelines were consistent with the spawning timelines observed in other studies along the Southeast Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, which were based upon on the detection of courtship sounds, gonad indices, the presence of eggs and larvae in the water column, and/or appearance of young of the year (YOY) (Dobrin 1947, Tavolga 1960, Fish & Mowbray 1970, Overstreet 1983, Fine et al. 1984, Beckman et al. 1988, Brown-Peterson et al. 1988, 2002, McMichael & Peters 1989, Murphy & Taylor 1990, Saucier & Baltz 1993, Ross et al. 1995, Sprague 2000, Brown-Peterson & Warren 2002, Nieland et al. 2002, Roumillat & Brouwer 2004, Ramcharitar at al. 2006, Locascio & Mann 2008, Luczkovich et al. 2008, Locascio & Mann 2011, Wall et al. 2013, Montie et al. 2015)."

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Fig. S3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) for black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, red drum, and snapping shrimp sounds recorded in the May River, South Carolina"

"Spatially, the highest species diversity was detected at the mouth of the May River (i.e. Stn 37M; 5 fish species), where we heard black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum; the lowest diversity was observed near the source (i.e. Stn 4M; 2 fish species) with only oyster toadfish and silver perch calls detected (Fig. 3A)."

"In the spring, as the water temperature and daylight hours increased, calling by silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout was more prevalent; these acoustic signals overlapped in space and time. As summer approached and water temperature rose and daylight lengthened, black drum and silver perch calling ended, oyster toadfish called less frequently, and spotted seatrout became the dominant sound producer. As fall approached, and the water temperature declined and daylight hours shortened, spotted seatrout calling began to wane, and red drum began calling. Red drum sound production peaked in the fall."

"We detected daily patterns in calling and chorusing that were unique to each species. All detected sciaenids followed a general daily pattern in calling, with peak sound production occurring at dusk (Fig. 7)."

"Black drum started to call 1 h before sunset, with peak sound production at dusk."

"Temperature anomalies, which can change from one year to another, significantly influenced calling intensity of black drum, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling, while negative temperature anomalies decreased sound production."

"For each 2 min wav file and each fish species, we attempted to determine the root mean square (rms) received sound pressure level (SPL) by focusing on fish-specific frequency bands (i.e. black drum 70_90 Hz; silver perch 1000_ 1280 Hz; oyster toadfish 190_200 Hz; spotted seatrout 200_270 Hz; and red drum 120_160 Hz) that were derived from the comparisons of PSDs."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."

Full Description

"For silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout, a negative temperature anomaly correlated with decreased calling intensity, while a positive anomaly increased sound production."

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

"Seasonally, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum began calling in early spring and ended in May; sound production of spotted seatrout began in late winter (February) and ended in early fall (end of September), and the majority of red drum sound production occurred in August and September (Montie et al. 2015). These sound production timelines were consistent with the spawning timelines observed in other studies along the Southeast Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, which were based upon on the detection of courtship sounds, gonad indices, the presence of eggs and larvae in the water column, and/or appearance of young of the year (YOY) (Dobrin 1947, Tavolga 1960, Fish & Mowbray 1970, Overstreet 1983, Fine et al. 1984, Beckman et al. 1988, Brown-Peterson et al. 1988, 2002, McMichael & Peters 1989, Murphy & Taylor 1990, Saucier & Baltz 1993, Ross et al. 1995, Sprague 2000, Brown-Peterson & Warren 2002, Nieland et al. 2002, Roumillat & Brouwer 2004, Ramcharitar at al. 2006, Locascio & Mann 2008, Luczkovich et al. 2008, Locascio & Mann 2011, Wall et al. 2013, Montie et al. 2015)."

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Fig. S3. Mean power spectral densities (PSD) for black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, red drum, and snapping shrimp sounds recorded in the May River, South Carolina"

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout often formed chorusing aggregations, which were detected in the 2 min recordings as overlapping calls (Fig. S2)."

"Spatially, the highest species diversity was detected at the mouth of the May River (i.e. Stn 37M; 5 fish species), where we heard black drum, oyster toadfish, silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum; the lowest diversity was observed near the source (i.e. Stn 4M; 2 fish species) with only oyster toadfish and silver perch calls detected (Fig. 3A)."

"In the spring, as the water temperature and daylight hours increased, calling by silver perch, oyster toadfish, black drum, and spotted seatrout was more prevalent; these acoustic signals overlapped in space and time.As summer approached and water temperature rose and daylight lengthened, black drum and silver perch calling ended, oyster toadfish called less frequently, and spotted seatrout became the dominant sound producer. As fall approached, and the water temperature declined and daylight hours shortened, spotted seatrout calling began to wane, and red drum began calling. Red drum sound production peaked in the fall."

"We found a significant positive correlation for calling intensity patterns of silver perch, spotted seatrout, and oyster toadfish between stations (Table 5)."

"Silver perch exhibited long chorus durations; calling peaked 3 h after sunset and continued into the early morning hours."

"The duration of silver perch chorus ing varied between 0.3 and 13 h. The longest silver perch chorus was detected on 10 April 2013 at Stn 14M and lasted for 13 h. On the same day, we detected the longest chorus at Stn 9M, which lasted 5 h. The longest chorusing episode at Stn 37M was recorded on 17 April 2013 and lasted 12 h. During the reproductive season, we estimated that silver perch chorused for approximately 269 h at Stn 37M; 63 h at Stn 14M; 51 h at Stn 9M; and 0.13 h at Stn 4M (Table 4)."

"Temperature anomalies, which can change from one year to another, significantly influenced calling intensity of black drum, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling, while negative temperature anomalies decreased sound production."

"For each 2 min wav file and each fish species, we attempted to determine the root mean square (rms) received sound pressure level (SPL) by focusing on fish-specific frequency bands (i.e. black drum 70_90 Hz; silver perch 1000_ 1280 Hz; oyster toadfish 190_200 Hz; spotted seatrout 200_270 Hz; and red drum 120_160 Hz) that were derived from the comparisons of PSDs."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Based on captive studies that illustrated a positive relationship between the amount of calling and spawning success in sciaenids (Connaughton & Taylor 1996, Luczkovich et al. 1999, Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 2008, Montie et al. 2016, 2017), we speculated that chorusing (i.e. calling intensity score = 3) was a reliable indicator of spawning for silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum (Table 4)."

Sound Name Quotes

"We estimated the start and end dates of the spawning season and calculated the total hours of chorusing for silver perch, oyster toadfish, spotted seatrout, and red drum."

Full Description

"Fig.S1. Spectrograms of identified fish calls detected in the May River, South Carolina. (A) Black drum; (B) oyster toadfish; (C) silver perch; (D) spotted seatrout; (E) red drum; and (F) Atlantic croaker. Spectrograms were created using a Hann window and spectral resolution of 2048 from original 2 min wav files. Brighter colors indicate higher received sound pressure levels"

"Atlantic croaker calls were detected infrequently (i.e. in 130 files; 0.18% of 70 272 wav files reviewed). These detections occurred between August and November at all stations (i.e. 4M = 10 files; 9M = 41 files; 14M = 58 files; and 37M = 21 files). Further analysis of this species was not performed."

Observation Environment Quotes

"In this study, our goal was to perform acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA), for a 9 mo period and estimate reproductive timelines for a community of soniferous fishes. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min, every 20 min at 4 stations from the source to the mouth from February to November 2013."