Observation Environment Quotes

"SNAP (Loggerhead Instruments) and SoundTrap (Ocean Instruments) underwater acoustic recorders fitted with a hydrophone (average sensitivity: 2170 dBV re: 1 mPa; High-Tech, Inc. HTI: 96 min) were deployed at each site to monitor spawning activity of seatrout from April to September 2017 (figure 1). "

"We acoustically monitored spawning in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) from April through September 2017 at 15 sites near Port Aransas, Texas, which coincided with the landfall of a category 4 hurricane (Harvey) on 25 August."

Full Description

"We acoustically monitored spawning in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) from April through September 2017 at 15 sites near Port Aransas, Texas, which coincided with the landfall of a category 4 hurricane (Harvey) on 25 August. Spawning sounds were recorded every day of the study across all sites and were also confirmed during the hurricane at two sites located within the eye of the storm. Daily spawning continued after the hurricane, but the onset of spawning shifted 2.12 h earlier for 5 days, after which it returned to the pre-storm schedule. These results illustrate the resilience of seatrout to intense, episodic disturbances and offer insights on the phenotypic plasticity of estuarine fishes to cope with projected increases in environmental variability."

".In the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), males produce sounds during spawning in synchrony with the timing and in proportion to the volume of eggs released by females [10,11], allowing the use of passive acoustics to monitor reproductive activity in this species."

"Spawning sounds were documented on every day of the study and at each individual site on 91+-6% (CI95) of the total days monitored (figures 1 and 2). Simultaneous spawning at all stations was recorded 104 days of the 126-day period, with a mean of 96+-1% (CI95) of sites recording spawning daily from 18 April to 24 August. The average SPL over the 250–500 Hz bandwidth was 103.9+-0.05 dBrms (CI95) from 06.00 to 17.00 h. The SPL during peak spawning and chorusing (20.00–21.00 h) was significantly greater (Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic w = 420410, p < 0.01), with a mean SPL of 121.8+- 0.15 dBrms (CI95) (electronic supplementary material, figure S1). The average onset time of spawning was 19.12+-0.03 h (CI95), with a duration of 2.45+-0.07 h (CI95)."

"However, the hurricane eye passed directly over hydrophones 15 and 16 at 20.00–23.00 h (figure 1) and the decrease in noise, attributed to lower wind speeds within the eye, revealed seatrout calls between 21.27 and 23.47 h. The average SPL at 23.00 h at stations 15 and 16 was 109.2+- 2.6 dBrms (s.d.), and visual inspection of spectrograms revealed seatrout chorusing (figure 2c,d). On 26 August, spawning resumed at all sites, but the onset time of spawning was significantly earlier by 2.12 h (w = 4948, p < 0.01). The average start time of spawning from 1 August to 24 August was 19.26+-0.32 h (s.d.) compared to 17.13+- 0.51 h (s.d.) from 26 August through 31 August (figure 2). Spawning also concluded 1.17 h earlier during the 5 days following the storm (21.21+-0.49 h (s.d.)) than before the storm (22.38+-0.39 h (s.d.)) (w = 4505, p < 0.01)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"SNAP (Loggerhead Instruments) and SoundTrap (Ocean Instruments) underwater acoustic recorders fitted with a hydrophone (average sensitivity: 2170 dBV re: 1 mPa; High-Tech, Inc. HTI: 96 min) were deployed at each site to monitor spawning activity of seatrout from April to September 2017 (figure 1). "

"We acoustically monitored spawning in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) from April through September 2017 at 15 sites near Port Aransas, Texas, which coincided with the landfall of a category 4 hurricane (Harvey) on 25 August."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"We acoustically monitored spawning in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) from April through September 2017 at 15 sites near Port Aransas, Texas, which coincided with the landfall of a category 4 hurricane (Harvey) on 25 August. Spawning sounds were recorded every day of the study across all sites and were also confirmed during the hurricane at two sites located within the eye of the storm. Daily spawning continued after the hurricane, but the onset of spawning shifted 2.12 h earlier for 5 days, after which it returned to the pre-storm schedule. These results illustrate the resilience of seatrout to intense, episodic disturbances and offer insights on the phenotypic plasticity of estuarine fishes to cope with projected increases in environmental variability."

Sound Name Quotes

"Spawning sounds were documented on every day of the study and at each individual site on 91+-6% (CI95) of the total days monitored (figures 1 and 2). Simultaneous spawning at all stations was recorded 104 days of the 126-day period, with a mean of 96+-1% (CI95) of sites recording spawning daily from 18 April to 24 August. The average SPL over the 250–500 Hz bandwidth was 103.9+-0.05 dBrms (CI95) from 06.00 to 17.00 h. The SPL during peak spawning and chorusing (20.00–21.00 h) was significantly greater (Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic w = 420410, p < 0.01), with a mean SPL of 121.8+- 0.15 dBrms (CI95) (electronic supplementary material, figure S1). The average onset time of spawning was 19.12+-0.03 h (CI95), with a duration of 2.45+-0.07 h (CI95)."