Full Description

"Moreover, silver perch and spotted seatrout, soniferous species that share similar spawning locations, exhibited temporal partitioning in the soundscape with seatrout calls occurring just before sunset and peaking several hours after sunset, and declining sharply as perch chorusing increased after sunset with a peak at midnight."

"Recordings from each site were filtered into a low-frequency band (150–1500 Hz), which included the range of frequencies that most fish vocalizations occur, including silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], oyster toadfish [Opsanus tau (Linnaeus, 1766)], and spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], which are dominant sound producers in the area (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Ramcharitar et al. 2006, Luczkovich et al. 2008)."

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."

"Spotted seatrout also had louder periods of chorusing typical of large aggregations; however, their calls were lower in frequency, peaking between 150 and 300 Hz, with a narrower frequency range than silver perch (Fig. 3C)."

"Moreover, there was evidence of temporal partitioning of the soundscape by spawning seatrout and perch, with seatrout chorusing starting and ending earlier than chorusing by perch."

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout share similar spawning habitats and time of sound production associated with spawning (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Holt et al. 1985)."

"A previous study reported that peaks in spotted seatrout choruses occurred from sunset to 1.5 hrs after sunset, while silver perch choruses peaked 0.5 to 2.5 hrs after sunset (Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 2013). Another study observed that when large groups of spotted seatrout were spawning, silver perch spawning activity was delayed and occurred later in the evening (Mok and Gilmore 1983). As observed in the present study and by others, these species may adjust their calling schedules to avoid overlap or masking, and this temporal partitioning could assist in successful formation of species-specific spawning aggregations in the absence of visual cues (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Locascio and Mann 2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Over a 3-mo period, 2-min duration underwater sound recordings were made every 20 min at eight sites within Middle Marsh in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. While habitat composition was not related to spatial patterns in low-frequency SPLs, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the percent recordings with fish chorusing, and percent cover of seagrass for silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], and other fish, irrespective of spatial scale (10 vs 25 m)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout share similar spawning habitats and time of sound production associated with spawning (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Holt et al. 1985)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."

Full Description

"Recordings from each site were filtered into a low-frequency band (150–1500 Hz), which included the range of frequencies that most fish vocalizations occur, including silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], oyster toadfish [Opsanus tau (Linnaeus, 1766)], and spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], which are dominant sound producers in the area (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Ramcharitar et al. 2006, Luczkovich et al. 2008)."

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."

"Oyster toadfish did not form the large choruses that silver perch did, and produced a unique “boatwhistle” sound that peaked at 250, 500, and occasionally at 750Hz, and were visible in the spectrograms and spectra of recordings in Middle Marsh (Fig. 3B)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Over a 3-mo period, 2-min duration underwater sound recordings were made every 20 min at eight sites within Middle Marsh in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. While habitat composition was not related to spatial patterns in low-frequency SPLs, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the percent recordings with fish chorusing, and percent cover of seagrass for silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], and other fish, irrespective of spatial scale (10 vs 25 m). "

"Recordings from each site were filtered into a low-frequency band (150–1500 Hz), which included the range of frequencies that most fish vocalizations occur, including silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], oyster toadfish [Opsanus tau (Linnaeus, 1766)], and spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], which are dominant sound producers in the area (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Ramcharitar et al. 2006, Luczkovich et al. 2008)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."

"Oyster toadfish did not form the large choruses that silver perch did, and produced a unique “boatwhistle” sound that peaked at 250, 500, and occasionally at 750Hz, and were visible in the spectrograms and spectra of recordings in Middle Marsh (Fig. 3B)."

Full Description

"Moreover, silver perch and spotted seatrout, soniferous species that share similar spawning locations, exhibited temporal partitioning in the soundscape with seatrout calls occurring just before sunset and peaking several hours after sunset, and declining sharply as perch chorusing increased after sunset with a peak at midnight."

"Recordings from each site were filtered into a low-frequency band (150–1500 Hz), which included the range of frequencies that most fish vocalizations occur, including silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], oyster toadfish [Opsanus tau (Linnaeus, 1766)], and spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], which are dominant sound producers in the area (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Ramcharitar et al. 2006, Luczkovich et al. 2008)."

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."

"Silver perch choruses were the most distinctive calls identified. Large aggregations of silver perch chorusing resulted in high intensity, broadband (200–5000 Hz) calls (Fig. 3A)."

"Moreover, there was evidence of temporal partitioning of the soundscape by spawning seatrout and perch, with seatrout chorusing starting and ending earlier than chorusing by perch."

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout share similar spawning habitats and time of sound production associated with spawning (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Holt et al. 1985)."

"A previous study reported that peaks in spotted seatrout choruses occurred from sunset to 1.5 hrs after sunset, while silver perch choruses peaked 0.5 to 2.5 hrs after sunset (Lowerre-Barbieri et al. 2013). Another study observed that when large groups of spotted seatrout were spawning, silver perch spawning activity was delayed and occurred later in the evening (Mok and Gilmore 1983). As observed in the present study and by others, these species may adjust their calling schedules to avoid overlap or masking, and this temporal partitioning could assist in successful formation of species-specific spawning aggregations in the absence of visual cues (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Locascio and Mann 2008)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Over a 3-mo period, 2-min duration underwater sound recordings were made every 20 min at eight sites within Middle Marsh in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. While habitat composition was not related to spatial patterns in low-frequency SPLs, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the percent recordings with fish chorusing, and percent cover of seagrass for silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacépède, 1802)], spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], and other fish, irrespective of spatial scale (10 vs 25 m)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Silver perch and spotted seatrout share similar spawning habitats and time of sound production associated with spawning (Mok and Gilmore 1983, Holt et al. 1985)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Figure 3. Representative spectrograms (left) and spectra (right) for (A) silver perch, (B) oyster toadfish, and (C) spotted seatrout fish choruses. Spectrograms were calculated with 0.05-s, non-overlapping windows. Mean spectra were calculated from 0.5-s Hanning windowed data segments."