Full Description

"The river is an important spawning habitat for fish species such as silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017). All five of these species rely heavily on sound for their spawning events (Locascio and Mann, 2008; Locascio and Mann, 2011; Maruska and Mensinger, 2009; Roumillat and Brouwer, 2004; Parmentier et al., 2014; Montie et al., 2016; Montie et al., 2017)."

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."The frequency of black drum calling overlapped with the spectral patterns of all three boat noises with a range most similar to low frequency boat noise (Fig. 6a–c; Table 4)."

"As the river reached its maximum temperature and the days reached their maximum length, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum decreased calling, while spotted seatrout continued to chorus and boat noise occurrence reached its maximum."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Four DSG-Oceans recorders (DSG-Oceans, Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) with HOBO temperature and water level data loggers (HOBO 100-Foot Depth Water Level Data Logger U20-001-02-Ti and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 U22-001, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA) were deployed at locations (i.e., 4M, 9M, 14M, and 37M) throughout the May River (Fig. 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

Full Description

"The river is an important spawning habitat for fish species such as silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017). All five of these species rely heavily on sound for their spawning events (Locascio and Mann, 2008; Locascio and Mann, 2011; Maruska and Mensinger, 2009; Roumillat and Brouwer, 2004; Parmentier et al., 2014; Montie et al., 2016; Montie et al., 2017)."

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."The communication range of toadfish also overlapped with the spectral patterns of boat noise especially the low frequency type (Fig. 6d–f; Table 4)."

"The seasonal patterns of fish courtship sounds began with silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout in the spring as the water warmed and the days lengthened, which overlapped with the increase in boat noise in the spring. As the river reached its maximum temperature and the days reached their maximum length, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum decreased calling, while spotted seatrout continued to chorus and boat noise occurrence reached its maximum."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Four DSG-Oceans recorders (DSG-Oceans, Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) with HOBO temperature and water level data loggers (HOBO 100-Foot Depth Water Level Data Logger U20-001-02-Ti and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 U22-001, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA) were deployed at locations (i.e., 4M, 9M, 14M, and 37M) throughout the May River (Fig. 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

"For batrachoidids (e.g. oyster toadfish), individual males broadcast courtship calls; females are attracted to the sound and lay their eggs in the nest, which the male guards (e.g. Gray and Winn, 1961)."

Full Description

"The river is an important spawning habitat for fish species such as silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017). All five of these species rely heavily on sound for their spawning events (Locascio and Mann, 2008; Locascio and Mann, 2011; Maruska and Mensinger, 2009; Roumillat and Brouwer, 2004; Parmentier et al., 2014; Montie et al., 2016; Montie et al., 2017)."

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."Spotted seatrout chorused at a peak frequency range of 239 Hz, which overlapped with the frequency range of all boat noise types (Fig. 6j–l; Table 4)."

"The seasonal patterns of fish courtship sounds began with silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout in the spring as the water warmed and the days lengthened, which overlapped with the increase in boat noise in the spring."

"In the fall, as water temperature decreased and the days shortened, spotted seatrout began to reduce their chorusing and red drum sound production began."

"Generally, spotted seatrout chorusing began increasing around 1 h before sunset and peaked 2 h after sunset, and then continued for 1 h (Fig. 8d–f). This chorusing pattern overlapped minimally in time with boat noise at stations 9M and 14M but moderately at station 37M (Table 5; Figs. 8–9). At station 37M, spotted seatrout was detected to chorus for 2706 min in the files evaluated; boat noise occurred for 407 min or a 15% overlap in time (Table 5; Fig. 9c)."

"For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Four DSG-Oceans recorders (DSG-Oceans, Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) with HOBO temperature and water level data loggers (HOBO 100-Foot Depth Water Level Data Logger U20-001-02-Ti and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 U22-001, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA) were deployed at locations (i.e., 4M, 9M, 14M, and 37M) throughout the May River (Fig. 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

" For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Spotted seatrout chorused at a peak frequency range of 239 Hz, which overlapped with the frequency range of all boat noise types (Fig. 6j–l; Table 4)."

Full Description

"The river is an important spawning habitat for fish species such as silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017). All five of these species rely heavily on sound for their spawning events (Locascio and Mann, 2008; Locascio and Mann, 2011; Maruska and Mensinger, 2009; Roumillat and Brouwer, 2004; Parmentier et al., 2014; Montie et al., 2016; Montie et al., 2017)."

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

"Silver perch chorused at higher frequency ranges, and these frequencies overlapped more with burst and variable broadband types than the low frequency type (Fig. 6g–i; Table 4)."

"The seasonal patterns of fish courtship sounds began with silver perch, oyster toadfish, and spotted seatrout in the spring as the water warmed and the days lengthened, which overlapped with the increase in boat noise in the spring. As the river reached its maximum temperature and the days reached their maximum length, silver perch, oyster toadfish, and black drum decreased calling, while spotted seatrout continued to chorus and boat noise occurrence reached its maximum."

"Silver perch chorused for long periods of time, peaking 3 h after sunset and continuing into the early hours of the day (Fig. 8a–c). This chorusing pattern overlapped minimally in time with boat noise (Table 5; Figs. 8–9). At station 37M, silver perch was detected to chorus for 1554 min in the files evaluated; boat noise occurred for 56 min or approximately 4% overlap in time (Table 5; Fig. 9c)."

"For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Four DSG-Oceans recorders (DSG-Oceans, Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) with HOBO temperature and water level data loggers (HOBO 100-Foot Depth Water Level Data Logger U20-001-02-Ti and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 U22-001, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA) were deployed at locations (i.e., 4M, 9M, 14M, and 37M) throughout the May River (Fig. 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

" For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Silver perch chorused at higher frequency ranges, and these frequencies overlapped more with burst and variable broadband types than the low frequency type (Fig. 6g–i; Table 4)."

Full Description

"The river is an important spawning habitat for fish species such as silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017). All five of these species rely heavily on sound for their spawning events (Locascio and Mann, 2008; Locascio and Mann, 2011; Maruska and Mensinger, 2009; Roumillat and Brouwer, 2004; Parmentier et al., 2014; Montie et al., 2016; Montie et al., 2017)."

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."Red drum chorused at a peak frequency of 144 Hz; this chorusing overlapped with the frequency range of all boat noise types (Fig. 6m–o; Table 4)."

"In the fall, as water temperature decreased and the days shortened, spotted seatrout began to reduce their chorusing and red drum sound production began."

"Red drum began calling 3 h before sunset with peak chorusing occurring at dusk with calls then gradually decreasing (Fig. 8g). At station 37M (i.e., the only station in which red drum chorusing was detected), red drum chorused for 202 min in the files evaluated but boat noise was present during 41 min or approximately 21% of the time (Table 5; Fig. 9c)."

"Interestingly, captive studies with red drum revealed that spawning was more productive when males produced more calls with longer durations and more pulses (Montie et al., 2016)."

"For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Observation Environment Quotes

"Four DSG-Oceans recorders (DSG-Oceans, Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) with HOBO temperature and water level data loggers (HOBO 100-Foot Depth Water Level Data Logger U20-001-02-Ti and HOBO Water Temperature Pro v2 U22-001, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA) were deployed at locations (i.e., 4M, 9M, 14M, and 37M) throughout the May River (Fig. 1)."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)."

" For example, in the case of sciaenids (e.g., silver perch, spotted seatrout, and red drum), it is thought that acoustic signals serve in the formation of spawning aggregations, where males and females synchronize the release of gametes (e.g., Connaughton and Taylor, 1996; Myrberg and Lugli, 2006; Lowerre-Barbieri et al., 2009; Montie et al., 2015; Monczak et al., 2017)."

Sound Name Quotes

"Red drum chorused at a peak frequency of 144 Hz; this chorusing overlapped with the frequency range of all boat noise types (Fig. 6m–o; Table 4)."