Full Description

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum. Striped cusk-eels called with a crepuscular pattern, with a strong peak at dusk, less sound production during the night, and a lesser peak in sound production at dawn. Sciaenids called mostly at dusk and night. Nine advection events bringing colder waters to the LEO-15 site were correlated with greatly reduced levels of sound production in Atlantic croaker and weakfish on daily time scales."

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"

"The striped cusk-eel sounds were recorded first on July 9 and continued until the end of the hydrophone deployment. Striped cusk-eels called with a crepuscular pattern, with a strong peak at dusk, less sound production during the night, and a lesser peak in sound production at dawn (Fig. 2). There were times at night when sciaenid and striped cusk-eel calling overlapped, but there was little overlap in the acoustic frequencies that composed their sounds."

"Ocean temperature was the most important explanatory variable in a multiple regression of physical oceanographic variables with the level of nightly maximum sound production between 200 and 300 Hz, which is dominated by sciaenids (Fig. 3, Table 1)."

"Fig. 2. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. Composite spectrogram showing frequency distribution of sound energy from August 20 to 23, 2005 at LEO-15. Sound level is the spectrum level (dB re 1 µPa2 Hz–1). Low-frequency sounds between 100 and 600 Hz from dusk through midnight are from sciaenids (weakfish and Atlantic croaker). High-frequency sounds between 1000 and 2500 Hz are from crepuscular cusk-eel calling. Cusk-eels have a strong peak in calling at dusk and a small peak in calling at dawn"

"Interestingly, cusk eels did not reduce their level of calling during the upwelling event, while the level of recorded sounds was reduced for sciaenids."

Observation Environment Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Sound Name Quotes

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"

Full Description

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum. Striped cusk-eels called with a crepuscular pattern, with a strong peak at dusk, less sound production during the night, and a lesser peak in sound production at dawn. Sciaenids called mostly at dusk and night. Nine advection events bringing colder waters to the LEO-15 site were correlated with greatly reduced levels of sound production in Atlantic croaker and weakfish on daily time scales."

"Weakfish and Atlantic croaker are sciaenids, and their sounds are characterized by chorusing, whereby many individuals call at the same time to produce an overall increase in the background sound levels (Fig. 1). Sciaenid calling started in May and was recorded through the end of the hydrophone deployment. Sciaenid calls began at dusk and continued throughout the night, ending by morning (Fig. 2)."

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"

"Ocean temperature was the most important explanatory variable in a multiple regression of physical oceanographic variables with the level of nightly maximum sound production between 200 and 300 Hz, which is dominated by sciaenids (Fig. 3, Table 1)."

"Fig. 2. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. Composite spectrogram showing frequency distribution of sound energy from August 20 to 23, 2005 at LEO-15. Sound level is the spectrum level (dB re 1 µPa2 Hz–1). Low-frequency sounds between 100 and 600 Hz from dusk through midnight are from sciaenids (weakfish and Atlantic croaker). High-frequency sounds between 1000 and 2500 Hz are from crepuscular cusk-eel calling. Cusk-eels have a strong peak in calling at dusk and a small peak in calling at dawn"

Observation Environment Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Sound Name Quotes

"Weakfish and Atlantic croaker are sciaenids, and their sounds are characterized by chorusing, whereby many individuals call at the same time to produce an overall increase in the background sound levels (Fig. 1). "

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"

Full Description

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum. Striped cusk-eels called with a crepuscular pattern, with a strong peak at dusk, less sound production during the night, and a lesser peak in sound production at dawn. Sciaenids called mostly at dusk and night. Nine advection events bringing colder waters to the LEO-15 site were correlated with greatly reduced levels of sound production in Atlantic croaker and weakfish on daily time scales."

"Weakfish and Atlantic croaker are sciaenids, and their sounds are characterized by chorusing, whereby many individuals call at the same time to produce an overall increase in the background sound levels (Fig. 1). Sciaenid calling started in May and was recorded through the end of the hydrophone deployment. Sciaenid calls began at dusk and continued throughout the night, ending by morning (Fig. 2)."

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"

"Ocean temperature was the most important explanatory variable in a multiple regression of physical oceanographic variables with the level of nightly maximum sound production between 200 and 300 Hz, which is dominated by sciaenids (Fig. 3, Table 1)."

"Fig. 2. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. Composite spectrogram showing frequency distribution of sound energy from August 20 to 23, 2005 at LEO-15. Sound level is the spectrum level (dB re 1 µPa2 Hz–1). Low-frequency sounds between 100 and 600 Hz from dusk through midnight are from sciaenids (weakfish and Atlantic croaker). High-frequency sounds between 1000 and 2500 Hz are from crepuscular cusk-eel calling. Cusk-eels have a strong peak in calling at dusk and a small peak in calling at dawn"

Observation Environment Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Behaviour Description Quotes

"A hydrophone was used to record fish sound production associated with reproduction at the LEO-15 ocean observatory to determine the relationship between variation in fish calling behavior and oceanographic variation. Sound production was dominated by Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, and striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum."

Sound Name Quotes

"Weakfish and Atlantic croaker are sciaenids, and their sounds are characterized by chorusing, whereby many individuals call at the same time to produce an overall increase in the background sound levels (Fig. 1). "

"Fig. 1. Ophidion arginatum, Cynoscion regalis, Micropogonias undulatus. (a) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of cusk-eel sound recorded on LEO-15. The sound consists of repeated pulses with the majority of the energy from 500 to 7000 Hz. (b) Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of 10 s recording from LEO-15 showing a chorus of weakfish (continuous drone with most energy <1000 Hz) and Atlantic croaker (3 to 4 pulse sounds with most of the energy <500 Hz). Spectrogram frequency axis is truncated at 1000 Hz to expand visibility of low-frequency detail"