View Entry on FishBase Website
J.D. Willson, license: CC BY-NC 4.0, source: iNaturalist
Superclass:
Osteichthyes
Class:
Teleostei
Order:
Eupercaria
Family:
Sciaenidae
Genus:
Cynoscion
Species:
regalis
Common:
Squeteague
Climates:
Tropical
Temperate
Subtropical
Boreal
Waters:
Brackish water
Marine
Map of Known Habitats
Hover on map to view region name
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Regions:
Atlantic, Northeast
Atlantic, Northwest
Atlantic, Western Central
Description
Sound Name: Unnamed
Citable References
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML111919)
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML116981)
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML111920)
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML116179)
Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab (ML111918)
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H. 1995. Seasonal and Daily Cycles in Sound Production Associated with Spawning in the Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 42(3): 233-240.
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Species Identified
Sound Detected
Active
Passive Feeding
Other Passive
Morphophysiological
Auditory
Visual
Mann, D. A., Grothues, T. M. 2009. Response of Fish Sound Production to Short-Term Ocean Upwelling Events at the LEO-15 (Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory at 15 m Depth) Ocean Observatory. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125(4): 2485-2485.
Tower, R. W. 1908. The Production of Sound in the Drumfishes, the Sea-Robin and the Toadfish. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 18(5): 149-180.
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H. 1995. Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Sonic Muscle Mass in the Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 100(2): 238-245.
Luczkovich, J. J., Sprague, M. W. 2008. Does Boat Noise Affect Spawning Sound Production of Soniferous Fish in Shallow Estuarine Systems? Bioacoustics, 17(1-3): 203-205.
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H. 1994. Seasonal Cycles in the Sonic Muscles of the Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Fishery Bulletin, 92(4): 697-703.
Connaughton, M. A., Fine, M. L., Taylor, M. H. 1997. The Effects of Seasonal Hypertrophy and Atrophy on Fiber Morphology, Metabolic Substrate Concentration and Sound Characteristics of the Weakfish Sonic Muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology, 200(18): 2449-2457.
Luczkovich, J. J., Pullinger, R. C., Johnson, S. E., Sprague, M. W. 2008. Identifying Sciaenid Critical Spawning Habitats by the Use of Passive Acoustics. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 137(2): 576-605.
Hill, G. L., Fine, M. L., Musick, J. A. 1987. Ontogeny of the Sexually Dimorphic Sonic Muscle in Three Sciaenid Species. Copeia, 1987(3): 708-713.
Wirth, C. 2018. Measuring Biotic and Anthropogenic Sounds in Temperate and Tropical Marine Habitats Using Passive Acoustics. Master's Thesis, Stony Brook University.
Fish, M. P., Kelsey, A. S. J., Mowbray, W. H. 1952. Studies on the Production of Underwater Sound by North Atlantic Coastal Fishes. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2): 180-193.
Various Artists. 1952. Sounds of the Sea, Vol. 1. Sonic Fish Sounds. Underwater Sounds of Biological Origin. Folkways Records. Album No. FX6121.
Luczkovich, J. J., Sprague, M. W., Johnson, S. E., Pullinger, R. C. 1999. Delimiting Spawning Areas of Weakfish Cynoscion regalis (Family Sciaenidae) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina Using Passive Hydroacoustic Surveys. Bioacoustics, 10(2-3): 143-160.
Mann, D. A., Grothues, T. M. 2009. Short-Term Upwelling Events Modulate Fish Sound Production at a Mid-Atlantic Ocean Observatory. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 375: 65-71.
Tavolga, W. N. 1967. Marine Animal Data Atlas. Technical Teport 1212-2, American Museum of Natural History and U.S. Naval Training Device Center, Orlando, FL.
Fish, M. P. 1954. The Character and Significance of Sound Production among Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 14(3): 1-109.
Vance, T. L., Hewson, J. M., Modla, S., Connaughton, M. A. 2002. Variability in Sonic Muscle Size and innervation among Three Sciaenids: Spot, Atlantic Croaker, and Weakfish. Copeia, 2002(4): 1137-1143.
Sprague, M. W. 2002. The Single Sonic Muscle Twitch Model for Sciaenid Sound Production. Bioacoustics, 12(2-3): 225-227.
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H., Fine, M. L. 2000. Effects of Fish Size and Temperature on Weakfish Disturbance Calls: Implications for the Mechanism of Sound Generation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 203(9): 1503-1512.
Sprague, M. W. 2000. The Single Sonic Muscle Twitch Model for The Sound-Production Mechanism in The Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108(5): 2430-2437.
Perkins, P. J. 2001. Drumming and Chattering Sounds Recorded Underwater in Rhode Island. Northeastern Naturalist, 8(3): 359-370.
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H. 1996. Drumming, Courtship, and Spawning Behavior in Captive Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Copeia, 1996(1): 195-199.
Fish, M. P., Mowbray, W. H. 1970. Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes, A Reference File of Biological Underwater Sounds. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD.
Connaughton, M. A., Taylor, M. H. 1995. Seasonal Changes in Weakfish Sonic Muscle Fiber Morphology and Metabolic Substrate Concentrations.